Exam 1

1. autocalibration: visual system flexibly adaps; deal with huge info
2. simple cells detec bars of light/dark
3. won nobel prize for orientation selective receptive field organ
4. pinhole camera: doesn't happen when we open blinds; light interferes with itself destroying details
5. eyeball filled with saline
6. lens in water has reduced refractive index
7. swimming; sharpen image: yes, opaque contact lens to eye that has aperture where light pass
8. tc eye; scanning input; pinhole sized: not nautilus, bee, patella, paramoecium
9. types of lens in human eye: convex and converging
10. tubes: fly
11. human iris unique id system
12. rods are more sensitive than cones in scotopic conditions
13. fixate at dim star; not perceive star because we don't perceive blood vessels
14. presented a solid dark field to on-center lgn cell (absence of light that covers the entire rf), cell would fire at its spontaneous level
15. inherent problem with pinhole: not enough light enters
16. photoreceptor has rf that corresponds to single region in real world
17. cell firing: neuron summates epsp and ipsp to determind if there is ap
18. hermann grid illusion: ganglion cells
19. simple cells: sensitive to both orientation and position
20. mri anatomy; fmri function
21. visual rf is specifin region on retina
22. somatosensation: touch
23. there are no rods in focea, some cocnes in periphery, and no photoreceptors in blindspot
24. don't perceive blood vessels in front of photoreceptors: adaptation
25. method measure ap: micro-electrode
26. neuron resting potential; cell's pattern of act.: spontaneous activity
27. size of rf: large to small: complex cells, simple cells, ganglion cells, photoreceptors
28. v1: layout maintains adjacency of retinal points; located in occipital; first stage of visual proc to show orientation selectivity; not true: each eye sends all signals to v1 in oppoisite hemisphere
29. oriented rf: v1
30. white matter in brain: axons; grey matter: soma(body) of neurons
31. lgn in thalamus
32. left visual field crosses over; processed in right hemisphere
33. tonotopy in audtion analogous to retinotopy in visual proc
34. NOT TRUE: lgn cells and simple cells perfer stim in one direction; complex cells and simple cells perffer stim in one direction; endstopped cells and lgn cells perffer stim in one direction; endstopped but not commplex cells prefer stim moving in one direction
35. monkey brain: cortical magnification
36. the image in right eye projects to visual cortex in both hemis
37. red spot, blank white surface: see green spot due to color adaptation

Exam 2

1. prosopagnosia: deficit recogn faces
2. concave face demo: face convexity assump overrules lighting from above assump
3. damge to ffa prosopagnosia
4. damage to ppa impair ability to recogn sitting in a classroom
5. damage to lateral occipital unable to id pad-lock
6. damage to inferotemporal impair recogn parts of objects (basic shapes)
7. horopter: set of all 3d points with zero disparity
8. stereograms: stereopsis occurs at local image points before shape analysis
9. monkey neuron red pepper: lips; located in inferotemporal cortex
10. visual system measures the light, infers the intensity, to estimate the reflectance
11. kid appear big because depth cues like persepctive ocerrule object knowledge
12. accomodation is depth cue based on lens thickness
13. cells in v2 that have rf to modal completion
14. paper white under med illum; still looks white under bright illum: because visual system discounts illuminant
15. dark gray square brighter when falls under shadow because of: NOT BECAUSE OF: lightness multiplication, lightness freq, reflectance constancy, intensity multiplication
16. xjunctions: shadows
17. heuristics visual makes when interp retinal images: lighting direction: not surface contours, surface texture, object shape
18. true: reflections can be wrong shape
19. false: refelctions must be right color
20. true: refelctions can be of wrong scene
21. false: ref can be wrong lightness
22. true: ref must appear to follow surface on which they fall
23. false: shadows can appear to have volume
24. false: people notice shadows in paintings are wrong direction
25. false: people notice impossible shadows
26. false: shadows must be consistent with lighting in scene
27. true: shadows help determine depth
28. true: shadows must be darker than surround
29. false: shadows can have different texture than surround
30. false: combining top half of face with bottom half of another face familiar and easy to id
31. true: evidence that faces are processed holistically
32. false: perception of scene depth requ focuses attention
33. amodal completion happens more often in real scenes than modal completion
34. damage to ventral stream: not id object but could mimic actions req to use object
35. surfaces: mid level vision
36. emmert's law does not demo: distance constancy; lightness cons; object cons; position cons
37. convergence: depth cue; angle that eyes are pointing
38. t junction: occlusion
39. grandmother coding: single cell code individ people
40. obejct that owns shared border is in front
41. one paper lies on top of another; cue tells you which is above: occlusion
42. peephole in ames room: interpret depth: linear perspective
43. size: linear perspective
44. object hover when missing: shadow
45. determine surfaces: gestalt laws of grouping
46. objects get fuzzier in more distant: atmospheric persepctive
47. ball hovers along ground can float in air by changing: shadows
48. strongest cue in Trompe paintings (stim depth in walls or celings) is NOT: height in field, known size, Atmospheric pers, shadows
49. CK and paulette: double dissociation between face and object processing
50. car a and b have same retinal image; a further; a is much larger than b
51. neuron that perfers disparity has rf that are differentially separated from foveas in two eyes

Exam 3

1. method to test how fast we can detect objects is visual search
2. fmri motion aftereffect in MT
3. color and motion afftereffects share this principle: opponent coding
4. phantom hand; touch face feel hand because remapping
5. attend to more things; perceive less detail
6. inaatentional blindness suggests that while driving a cell phone is more dang when in heated debate
7. ganglion cells found that code: R+G-; R-G+;B+Y- but not R+G+
8. motion perceived before shape analysis: kinematograms
9. perferred spped of Reichardt detector depends on delay and distance between rf
10. warp speed (flying through space) stim: expansionary optic flow
11. appears most blue under illum: none
12. black outline is source of illum that causes perception simulating damage to V4/V8
13. simulate motion blindness; none of living in a world illum by fluorescent light; adapting to motion for a long time; illum world with sodium light; living in movie theatre
14. illum x reflectance hits our eye
15. false: trichromacy in ganglion cells
16. true: tv work by color addition
17. false: visual system makes use of color subtraction
18. false: not possible to grow up normally if you lose half brain at 2
19. true: most humans have 3 cone photoreceptors
20. false: opponent process theory req extra yellow photoreceptor
21. false: green and blue are paired in opponent fashion accor to opponent process theory
22. false: color aftereffects are evidence for trichromatic color vision
23. false: perceived color is best desc by trichrmatic alone
24. true: adapting to green, see red
25. false: adapting to blue see red
26. true: adding various mounts of red, green, blue lights can match any perceived color
27. false: color is an invertible code
28. false: poinillist painters used color subtraction
29. true: two different spectra can appear the same
30. false: there are no such things as metamers when you are color blind
31. true: children lose sight are better to localize sounds than sighted individ
32. true: adults how lose sight are better able to localize sounds than sighted individ
33. ganglion cells code opponent colors
34. sometimes whatyou hear depends on what you see: McGurk effect
35. ventriloquest effect is most prominent when watching tv
36. driving; motion on retina corres to world moving around; make a turn, motion changes; change in heading signaled by MST
37. true: neglect happens in visual imagery too
38. true: don't attend to object, disappear from visibility
39. false: cahnge blindness and multiple object tracking both show that we are aware of only one thing at a time
40. true: phantom limbs provide evidence for plasiticity
41. modern correlate of helmholtz trichromacy is cone photoreceptors
42. attention is limited in space and time and number
43. mirror box helps patients with phantom pain
44. true: complex properties (sideways 2 and baldness) are not available preattentively
45. true: attention can move independently of eyes
46. false: attention usually moves independently of eyes
47. multiple object tracking task reveals pro of attentional capacity
48. line bisection and drawing clock face are two tests to measure neglect
49. perceiving only one object at a time is ex of balint's syndrome
50. v1 responds to component but not pattern motion; MT/MST responds to pattern motion
51. motion aftereffect that you see after adapting to contracting pattern (look away and see expansion indicates that low level motion system exists
52. areas of brain might blind braille readers use to read with precision: V1
53. color blind painter could not imagine color, perceive color
54. "what are you sinking about" is exm of understanding lang requires knowledge of context.